Nanomedicine internalization and penetration: why should we use spheroids?

Bárbara Pinto; Catarina Pacheco; Patrícia Silva; Juliana Carvalho-Tavares; Bruno Sarmento; Hassan Bousbaa

doi:10.48797/sl.2022.12

Authors

Bárbara Pinto UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-6104
Catarina Pacheco UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9148-8915
Patrícia Silva UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; TOXRUN – Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0694-7321
Juliana Carvalho-Tavares Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-505X
Bruno Sarmento UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7553
Hassan Bousbaa UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-5779

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48797/sl.2022.12

Keywords:

3D tumour spheroids, cancer, nanomedicine, tumour microenvironment

Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite medical advances in the development of new anticancer therapies, drug resistance, complicated side effects and poor efficacy remain a major public health problem. To breakdown the antisuppressive tumour strategies and to improve drug efficiency, nanomedicine is increasingly being used in anticancer therapy studies. Different in vitro experimental models and innovative approaches have been used in cancer research. In this aspect, 3D spheroids have become an attractive tool, overcoming many of the issues associated with using 2D models. Thus, in this review, an overview on 3D spheroids is provided, focusing on their use in the cancer field as a promising platform for nanomedicine studies. Thereafter, we highlight the main drug delivery systems currently developed and their applicability in 3D cell cultures.

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