Bioinsecticide SPINTOR®: detrimental effects on earthworms Eisenia fetida at different levels of biological organization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48797/sl.2023.59Keywords:
Selected Oral CommunicationAbstract
Background: The increasing interest in sustainable agricultural practices led to the use of biopesticides instead of synthetic ones [1]. SPINTOR® (SPI) is a commercialized bioinsecticide that employs spinosad as its active ingredient, a natural by-product obtained from the Saccharopolyspora spinosa fermentation [2]. Although effective in controlling several pests, SPI also can present inadvertent effects on non-target organisms in different environmental compartments [3]. Eisenia fetida is an example of soil fauna that can be affected and is frequently used as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology research. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential ecotoxicity of SPINTOR® on several endpoints of E. fetida. Methods: The effect of SPI on the reproduction [4] and avoidance behavior [5] of E. fetida was assessed following standard protocols. A short-term exposure of 48 h was also carried out. The experimental design consisted in eight treatments of a natural soil spiked with different concentrations of SPI (0.00 up to 1.49 mg of active ingredient/kg of soildw). The concentrations were determined based on the application dose and environmental relevance. The E. fetida adults from the short-term exposure (48 h) and the reproduction assay (28 d) were further processed to assess several biochemical parameters, including biomarkers related to oxidative stress, energy reserves, neurotransmission, and genotoxic effects through the comet assay. Results: Initial findings indicate that chronic exposure of E. fetida causesalterations to its energy-related metabolic pathways and antioxidant defenses. And although no effects were observed in the number of juveniles produced at the end of the assay, E. fetida show a tendency to avoid the contaminated soil in the highest concentrations, as well as significant DNA damage was observed after 48 h of exposure. Conclusions: It can be inferred that SPINTOR® has a negative impact on the health and wellness of E. fetida, potentially impairing their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems.
References
1. Hole, D. G.; Perkins, A. J.; Wilson, J. D.; Alexander, I. H.; Grice, P. V.; & Evans, A. D.; Does organic farming benefit biodiversity? Biological Conservation 2005, 122(1), 113-130.
2. MERTZ, F. P.; & Yao, R. C. Saccharopolyspora spinosa sp. nov. isolated from soil collected in a sugar mill rum still. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 1990 40(1), 34-39.
3. Biondi, A., Mommaerts V.; Smagghe, G.; Viñuela, E.; Zappalà, L.; Desneux, N.; The non-target impact of spinosyns on beneficial arthropods. Pest Manag Sci. 2012, 68(12):1523-36.
4. ISO. (2012). International Organization for Standardization Guideline 11268-2: Soil quality — Effects of pollutants on earthworms — Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei.
5. ISO. (2008). International Organization for Standardization Guideline 17512-1: soil quality—avoidance test for determining the quality of soils and effects of chemicals on behaviour—part 1: test with earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 A. Moreira, V. Nogueira, S. Bouguerra, S. Rodrigues
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In Scientific Letters, articles are published under a CC-BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License), the most open license available. The users can share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially), as long as they give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made (read the full text of the license terms and conditions of use).
The author is the owner of the copyright.