Acute toxicity screening of 4-chloroaniline in freshwater standard species

Authors

  • D. Rebelo Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS) – University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4550-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences – University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-210X
  • S. C. Antunes Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4550-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences – University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
  • S. Rodrigues Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4550-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences – University of Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48797/sl.2023.65

Keywords:

Selected Oral Communication

Abstract

Background: Aromatic amines are commonly used in the production of pigments, dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and laboratory chemicals​ [1]​. Due to inappropriate discard and the ineffectiveness of wastewater treatment plants in removing these compounds, they are frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems​ [2]​, leading to 4-chloroaniline being considered a candidate for the 4th Watch List under the Water Framework Directive​ [3]​, to determine the risk it poses to the aquatic environment. Objective: To evaluate the biological effects (individual and sub-individual responses) of standard species from different trophic levels, after exposure to 4-chloroaniline. Methods: A toxicity screening was performed regarding the ecotoxicological effects on Allivibrio fischeri (bioluminescence inhibition), Raphidocelis subcapitata (growth inhibition), Lemna minor (growth inhibition and biomarker assessment) and Daphnia magna (immobilization/mortality, reproductive effects and biomarker assessment). Results: The 4-chloroaniline exposure showed an A. fischeri effect concentration of EC50(30 min) = 1.99 mg/L. Preliminary results demonstrate that R. subcapitata should be the most sensitive organism. L. minor presented an EC50(7 d) = 82.84 mg/L. L. minor sub-individual results showed a significant decrease (≥ 93.75 mg/L) in the photosynthetic pigments content; a significant increase in catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities; and a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation. D. magna showed an EC50(48 h) = 0.102 mg/L and, after a subchronic exposure (10 days), a significant decrease in N1 fecundity was recorded above 13.89 µg/L. Catalase and Glutathione S-transferases activities were only significantly increased at 13.89 mg/L. Conclusions: Results showed that 4-chloroaniline has an ecotoxicologically relevant effect in aquatic organisms, with an impact on several biochemical pathways, ultimately affecting individuals (survival, growth and reproduction responses). To better understand the effects of exposure to 4-chloroaniline in non-target organisms, more studies (e.g., chronic assays) should be conducted to produce data to help policy decisions related to monitoring and regulating these compounds in surface waters.

References

1. Boehncke, A.; Kielhorn, J.; Konnecker, G.; Pohlenz-Michel, C.; Mangelsdorf, I. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 48 - 4-Chloroaniline; Publisher: World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland, 2003; pp. 1-62.

2. Zhou, L.J.; Rong, Z.Y.; Gu, W.; Fan, D.L.; Liu, J.N.; Shi, L.L.; Xu, Y.H.; Liu, Z.Y. Integrated Fate Assessment of Aromatic Amines in Aerobic Sewage Treatment Plants. Environ Monit Assess 2020, 192, doi:10.1007/S10661-020-8111-Y.

3. Cortes, L.G.; Marinov, D.; Sanseverino, I.; Cuenca, A.N.; Niegowska, M.; Rodriguez, E.P.; Stefanelli, F.; Lettieri, T. Selection of Substances for the 4th Watch List under the Water Framework Directive; Luxembourg, 2022, doi:10.2760/01939.

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Published

2023-04-21

How to Cite

Rebelo, D., Antunes, S. C., & Rodrigues, S. (2023). Acute toxicity screening of 4-chloroaniline in freshwater standard species. Scientific Letters, 1(Sup 1). https://doi.org/10.48797/sl.2023.65

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Section

Oral Communications

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